Defensive Future Studies

Defensive Future Studies

An ecosystem approach to science and technology in the field of passive defense

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Mahnaz Mirza Ebrahim Tehrani 1
ebrahim ijabi 2
1 Associate Professor of Environmental Management, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Futures Studies, Command and Staff University of the Army (CASU), Tehran, Iran
10.22034/dfsr.2025.2058050.1896
Abstract
Objective: This article aims to develop a framework based on the principles and components of an ecosystem approach to science and technology, specifically designed for application in the field of passive defense. The proposed framework seeks to establish a science and technology ecosystem that enables policymakers to transform embedded technological threats into opportunities for advancement.
Methodology: This is an applied research study using a descriptive-survey method. The research approach is mixed (quantitative and qualitative). Data was collected from various sources, including documents, reports, books, and scholarly articles relevant to the topic. The statistical population consists of all experts and specialists in the fields of science, technology, and passive defense. Based on Cochran’s formula and a population of 124 experts, a sample size of 93 was determined and selected using a stratified random sampling method. For data analysis, a structured questionnaire was employed using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique.
Findings: Through environmental studies and analysis of the collected data, 12 principles and 11 key dimensions governing the science and technology ecosystem in the domain of passive defense were identified.
Results: In addition to highlighting the benefits of the ecosystem approach, the study proposes a five-layer model for establishing a science and technology ecosystem. These layers include: knowledge production, innovation, commercialization, development support, and socio-cultural impact. The proposed model offers guidance for policymakers and managers to convert latent technological threats into opportunities for progress and national resilience.
Keywords
Science and Technology
Ecosystem
Threats
Passive Defense

Subjects

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Defensive Future Studies
Volume 10, Issue 38
Autumn 2025
Pages 203-235