Objective: To identify and explain the essential requirements and characteristics in the design of low-altitude air defense systems (LAADS) for the Iranian Army Ground Force (NEZAJA), with a focus on future studies and analysis of emerging threats.
Method: This study employs a mixed-methods approach. Data were collected through interviews with 11 defense experts and a structured questionnaire distributed among 82 specialists. Qualitative data were analyzed using MaxQDA software, and quantitative analysis was conducted using SmartPLS and SWOT analysis for confirmatory factor analysis. The findings revealed that the “Requirements and Characteristics” component includes six key indicators, with the highest factor loading attributed to “System Automation.”
Findings: Future-oriented analysis indicates that the efficient design of these systems requires emphasis on automation, rapid response capabilities, network-centric interactions, and the ability to counter hybrid threats such as decoy drones, cyber warfare, and high-speed attacks.
Conclusion: The “Requirements and Characteristics” component plays a pivotal role in enhancing NEZAJA’s combat readiness against future threats. These requirements must be developed based on attributes such as real-time responsiveness, integrated recognition, high-level automation, and systemic coordination. The results emphasize that the only effective approach to confronting future threats is through the transformation of technical and operational requirements and the conceptual modernization of these system