Terrorism, one of the most trouble-causing issues around the world, by spreading violence and threats tries to achieve its political, ideological, and religious objectives. Analyzing terrorist actions and possible consequences assist researchers to deeply investigate how terrorists make decisions to decrease potential expenses. In this research, to analyze the actions which are taken by each group and also the interaction among them, game theory is employed. Due to the paramount importance of the continuity of time in the real world, differential game model is employed so that accurate results are more possible to achieve. In this research, first, the crucial factors and objectives for both the government and terrorist are modelled. Then the model of the game and Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation are presented. By doing so, military spending and the stock of armaments in equilibrium in Markovian model are analyzed. Finally, the numerical analysis of this model, which shows how they change with respect to these variables, by allotting appropriate amounts to each effective variable in the equilibrium is presented.
Arce M, D. G., & Sandler, T. (2005). Counterterrorism: A game-theoretic analysis. Journal of conflict resolution, 49, 183-200.
Arce, D. G., & Sandler, T. (2007). Terrorist signalling and the value of intelligence. British Journal of Political Science, 37(4), 573-586.
Cornes, R., & Sandler, T. (1996). The theory of externalities, public goods, and club goods. Cambridge University Press.
Daniel, G., Arce, M., & Sandler, T. (2003). An evolutionary game approach to fundamentalism and conflict. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics JITE, 159(1), 132-154..
Daniel, G., Arce, M., & Sandler, T. (2005). The dilemma of the prisoners’ dilemmas. Kyklos, 58(1), 3-24.
Deger, S., & Sen, S. (1984). Optimal control and differential game models of military expenditure in less developed countries. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 7(2), 153-169.
Dockner, E. J., Jorgensen, S., Van Long, N., & Sorger, G. (2000). Differential games in economics and management science. Cambridge University Press.
Enders, W., & Sandler, T. (1993). The effectiveness of antiterrorism policies: A vector-autoregression-intervention analysis. American Political Science Review, 87(4), 829-844.
Enders, W., & Sandler, T. (1995). Terrorism: Theory and applications. Handbook of defense economics, 1, 213-249.
Enders, W., & Sandler, T. (2002). Patterns of transnational terrorism, 1970–1999: Alternative time-series estimates. International Studies Quarterly, 46(2), 145-165.
Enders, W., & Sandler, T. (2004). What do we know about the substitution effect in transnational terrorism? Researching terrorism: Trends, achievements, failures, 119, 137.
Enders, W., & Sandler, T. (2005). After 9/11: Is it all different now?. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 49(2), 259-277.
Enders, W., & Sandler, T. (2005). Transnational terrorism 1968-2000: Thresholds, persistence, and forecasts. Southern Economic Journal, 467-482.
Enders, W., & Sandler, T. (2006). Distribution of transnational terrorism among countries by income class and geography after 9/11. International Studies Quarterly, 50(2), 367-393.
Enders, W., & Sandler, T. (2006). The Political Economy of Terrorism (Cambridge University.
Enders, W., Sandier, T., & Cauley, J. (1990). UN conventions, technology and retaliation in the fight against terrorism: An econometric evaluation. Terrorism and Political Violence, 2(1), 83-105.
Enders, W., Sandler, T., & Cauley, J. (1990). Assessing the impact of terrorist‐thwarting policies: An intervention time series approach. Defence and Peace Economics, 2(1), 1-18.
Hartley, K., & Sandler, T. (Eds.). (1995). Handbook of Defense Economics: Defense in a globalized world. Elsevier.
Lapan, H. E., & Sandler, T. (1988). To bargain or not to bargain: That is the question. The American Economic Review, 78(2), 16-21.
Lapan, H. E., & Sandler, T. (1993). Terrorism and signalling. European Journal of Political Economy, 9(3), 383-397.
Lee, D. R., & Sandler, T. (1989). On the optimal retaliation against terrorists: The paid-rider option. Public Choice, 61(2), 141-152.
Merton, R.C. (1971). Optimal Consumption and Portfolio Rules in a Continuous-time model.Journal of Economic Theory, 3, 373-413.
Sandler, T. (2003). Terrorism & game theory. Simulation & Gaming, 34(3), 319-337.
Sandler, T. (2005). Collective versus unilateral responses to terrorism. In Policy Challenges and Political Responses (pp. 75-93). Springer, Boston, MA.
Sandler, T., & Enders, W. (2007). An economic perspective on transnational terrorism. In The Economic Analysis of Terrorism (pp. 29-44). Routledge.
Sandler, T., & Lapan, H. E. (1988). The calculus of dissent: An analysis of terrorists' choice of targets. Synthese, 76(2), 245-261.
Sandler, T., & Sargent, K. (1995). Management of transnational commons: coordination, publicness, and treaty formation. Land Economics, 145-162.
Sandler, T., & Siqueira, K. (2006). Global terrorism: deterrence versus pre‐emption. Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, 39(4), 1370-1387.
Sandler, T., Tschirhart, J. T., & Cauley, J. (1983). A theoretical analysis of transnational terrorism. American Political Science Review, 77(1), 36-54.
Selten, R. (1988). A simple game model of kidnapping. In Models of strategic rationality (pp. 77-93). Springer, Dordrecht.
Siqueira, K. (2005). Political and militant wings within dissident movements and organizations. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 49(2), 218-236.
Siqueira, K., & Sandler, T. (2006). Terrorist backlash, terrorism prevention, and policy delegation. Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Dallas.
Siqueira, K., & Sandler, T. (2006). Terrorists versus the government: Strategic interaction, support, and sponsorship. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 50(6), 878-898.
Turnovsky, S. J. (1993). Macroeconomic policies, growth, and welfare in a stochastic economy. International Economic Review, 953-981.
Turnovsky, S. J. (2000). Methods of macroeconomic dynamics. Mit Press.
Shadram,V. , Bigdeli,H. and Hemmat,H. (2019). Modelling and Solving the Problem of Terrorist-Government Conflict Using Differential Games. Defensive Future Studies, 4(13), 69-88. doi: 10.22034/dfsr.2019.36543
MLA
Shadram,V. , , Bigdeli,H. , and Hemmat,H. . "Modelling and Solving the Problem of Terrorist-Government Conflict Using Differential Games", Defensive Future Studies, 4, 13, 2019, 69-88. doi: 10.22034/dfsr.2019.36543
HARVARD
Shadram V., Bigdeli H., Hemmat H. (2019). 'Modelling and Solving the Problem of Terrorist-Government Conflict Using Differential Games', Defensive Future Studies, 4(13), pp. 69-88. doi: 10.22034/dfsr.2019.36543
CHICAGO
V. Shadram, H. Bigdeli and H. Hemmat, "Modelling and Solving the Problem of Terrorist-Government Conflict Using Differential Games," Defensive Future Studies, 4 13 (2019): 69-88, doi: 10.22034/dfsr.2019.36543
VANCOUVER
Shadram V., Bigdeli H., Hemmat H. Modelling and Solving the Problem of Terrorist-Government Conflict Using Differential Games. DFSR, 2019; 4(13): 69-88. doi: 10.22034/dfsr.2019.36543